Konsep Ekologi

Itself Ecology

Ecology comes from the Greek"Oikos"meaning home or a place to live, and"logos"meaning knowledge. Literally Ecology is a branch of biology that examines the relationship between organisms or groups of organisms to their environment. According to Odum (1971) is a cutting-edge ecological study of the structure and function of ecosystems or nature in which man is part of nature. The structure here shows a state of ecological system at a certain time and place, including the density or density, biomass, deployment potential nutrient elements (material), energy, physical factors and other chemicals that characterizes the system. While the function describes the cause-effect occurs in the system. It is clear from here is known that ecology is the study of living things in the household or the study of the whole pattern of interrelationships between living things with each other and surrounding components. Thus an ecologist also took an interest in humans, because humans are the other species (living things) in the life of the biosphere (living space) overall.

An organism can not live alone. For an organism's survival would be very bergatung on other organisms and the various components in the surrounding environment. The presence of other organisms and various environmental components are needed for food purposes, protection, growth, development, etc. The relationship between organisms or the environment will be very complicated and complex, they interact with each other to form an ecological or often called an ecosystem. Discussion ecology can not be separated from the discussion of the ecosystem with various constituent components, ie abiotic and biotic factors.

1. Biotic Factors

Covers all living things on earth, both plants and animals. In ecosystems, plants as producers, animal acts as a consumer, and microorganisms act as decomposers. Biotic factors also include the levels of organisms that includes individuals, populations, communities, ecosystems and the biosphere. Levels of living organisms in the ecosystem will interact, influence each other to form a sistemyang show unity.

2. Factors Abiotic

factors include the physical and chemical. Abiotic factors are as follows.

1. Temperature

Temperatureaffects the ecosystem due to temperature is a necessary condition for living organisms. There are the types of organisms that can live only in a certain temperature range.

2. Sunlight

sunlight affect the global ecosystem because of the sun determines the temperature. Sunlight is also a vital element needed by plants as producers for photosynthesis.

3. Water

Watereffect on the ecosystem because of the water needed for the survival of the organism. For plants, water is necessary for growth, germination and seed dispersal; to animals and humans, the water required for drinking water and other living facilities, such as transport for humans and habitat for fish. For other abiotic elements, such as soil and rock, water is required as a solvent and rot

4. Soil
   Soil is a living place for the organism. Different soil types causing organisms that live in it are also different. Land also provides the essential elements for the growth of organisms, especially plants.
5. Altitude

Altitude determine the types of organisms that live in these places, because of different heights will result in physical and chemical conditions are different.

6. Wind

Wind addition to a role in determining the humidity also play a role in the spread of certain plant seeds

7. latitude

The latitude of different shows in different environmental conditions. Latitude indirectly lead to the distribution of organisms on the Earth's surface

Based on the species composition of organisms studied. ecology divided into.

1. Autecological, discuss individual assessments of individual organism or species whose emphasis on life histories and behaviors in adapting to the environment. For example, studying the life history of a species, behavior and adaptation to the environment.
2. Sinekologi, discuss class assessment or collection of organisms as a unit. For example, study the structure and composition of plant species in the swamp, studied the distribution patterns of wild animals in the forest, jungle, or national parks.
   Based on the habitat of a species or group spseies organisms, ecology can be classified as follows:
3. Ecological land (terrestrial), which is studying the interrelationships between organisms with other organisms as well with all the land area fields, orchards, fields, dry land forests, grasslands , or desert.
4. Ecology of freshwater (freshwater), which is studying the interrelationships between organisms as well as with all environmental components that exist in fresh water areas. Sample fresh waters are lakes, rivers, ponds, wells, marshes or fields.
5. Ecology nautical, namely studying the interrelationships between organisms with other organisms as well with all the components of the existing environment in the territorial waters of salty or ocean
6. ecology estuarine, which is studying the interrelationships between organisms with other organisms as well with all komponenlingkungan that exist in the area of brackish waters. Examples of brackish water areas are estuaries, bays and lagoons.
7. Forest ecology, which is studying the interrelationships between organisms with other organisms as well with all the components of the environment in the forest ecosystem.
8. Ecology pastures, namely studying the interrelationships between organisms with other organisms as well with all the components of the existing environment in grassland ecosystems.

Based on the taxonomy or systematics, ecology divided into.

1. Ecology of plant
2. ecology of insect
3. ecology of avian
4. ecology of vertebrate
5. ecology of microbial

Effect of Development Activities At the Coral Reef Ecosystem to Know Case Exchange Sedimentation in the East Coast of Bintan Island

coral reef ecosystems is one of the unique ecosystems of coastal tropical that has many important functions, both ecologically and economically. The ecological function is a provider of nutrients for marine life, physical protector, where the sorting biota, playground, and care for various biota. In addition to the ecological functions of coral reefs also produce a variety of products which have important economic value, such as various types of reef fish, crayfish, algae, sea cucumbers, and pearl shell. In 1996 the estimated size of coral reef in Bintan 16.860,5 hectares. Observations in the field over the coral reef in the waters around Trikora Beach, on the east coast of Island showed that the condition of coral reefs in these locations have been damaged. It is seen from the low live coral cover and the number of dead coral found. The number of dead coral was thought to be caused by a variety of development activities underway in the east coast of Bintan. The results showed that the effect of development on coral reef damage is huge, covering destruction of corals directly bombing and coral mining, pollution of various activities along the coast, and sedimentation can increase turbidity and inhibit the growth of coral, even deadly coral reefs , Namunberdasarkan observations in the period 2000-2006, development activities greatest influence on coral reef ecosystems are land clearing activities.