Spesies Mutualistik Part 2

Mutualistic Key Species Part 2

Distribution of mutual seeds as key species



          It appears that ants that disperse seed have a significat influence on the structure of planst communities in the species-richfynbos of south afica. Caroline christian(2001) observed theat native ants disperse 30% of the seeds in the shrublands of the fynbos. The plant attract the services of these dispersers with food rewards on the seeds called elaiosomes. However, the argentine ant, Linepithema humile(figure 17.19), which does not disperse seeds, has invaded the shrublands. Christian documented how the invading argentine ants have displaced(as they hve in other regions) many of native ant species in the fynbos. In addition, she discovered that the native ant species most impacted by argentine ant invasion are those species most likely to disperse larger seeds.
          Seed-dispersing ants are important to the persistence of fynbos plants because they burry seeds in sites where they are safe from seed-eaating rodents and from fire. Fires are characteristic of mediterranean shrublands such as the fynbos, and the seeds are the only life stage of many fynbos plans to survive fires. Consequently, ant dispersal is critical to the survival of many plant species. In a comparison of seedling recruitment following fire. Christian found substantial reductions in seedling recruitment by plants producing large seeds in areas invaded by argentine ants(figure 17.20). meanwhile small-seeded plants, whose dispersers are less affected by argentine ants, showed No. reduction in recruitment following fire. Christians result, like Bsharys, reveal the influence of mutualism acting as keystone species within the communites they occupy. Other studies are revealing the importance of other mutualism, such as pollinator and mycirrhizal fungi, as keystone species.

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